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通過鍛造能消除金屬在冶煉過程中產生的鑄態疏松等缺陷，優化微觀組織結構，同時由于保存了完整的金屬流線，鍛件的機械性能一般優于同樣材料的鑄件。

Forging can eliminate the defects such as casting porosity and so on during the smelting process, and optimize the microstructure. At the same time, because of the intact metal flow line, the mechanical properties of the forgings are generally better than those of the same materials.

自由鍛造所用的工具簡單，加工方法通用性強，生產準備周期短，因而應用較為廣泛。自由鍛分為手工鍛造和機器鍛造兩種。手工鍛造只能生產小型鍛件，生產率也較低。

The tool used for free forging is simple, the versatile and the production period is short, so it is widely used. Free forging is divided into two kinds: manual forging and machine  Manual forging can only produce small forgings, and the productivity is low.

鍛造工藝過程一般由以下工序組成，即選取鋼坯下料、加熱、成形、鍛后冷卻。鍛造的工藝方法有自由鍛、模鍛和胎膜鍛。生產時，按鍛件質量的大小，生產批量的多少選擇不同的鍛造方法。

The forging process is generally  of the following processes, namely, the selection of high quality billets, heating, forming and cooling after forging. The forging process includes free forging, die forging and fetal membrane forging. When manufacturing, according to the size of forgings and the number of production batches, different forging methods are chosen.